Transport Lithium Batteries or Battery Powered IoT Devices

The transportation modes of lithium batteries include air transportation, water transportation, and land transportation. So far, the most commonly used air transportation and sea transportation are mainly discussed.

Because lithium is a metal that is particularly prone to chemical reactions, stretching and burning, lithium battery packaging, and transportation, such as improper handling, easy to burn, and explosion, accidents also occur from time to time. More and more attention has been paid to accidents caused by non-standard behaviors in packaging and transportation. A number of international organizations have issued a number of regulations, and various management organizations have become increasingly strict, raising operational requirements and constantly revising regulations and regulations (for example, IATA has revised regulations for lithium battery transportation every two years).

Are you planning on shipping your lithium batteries or your IoT devices by air, sea, rail, or road? You may not realize it but there are a number of rules that must be adhered to. Lithium batteries are classed as dangerous goods in transportation.  With billions of non-rechargeable and rechargeable lithium cells and batteries powering most of the world’s consumer and industrial electronic devices, shipping them to the customer through vast global logistics chains is often an overlooked subject.

Safety requirements have led to a tightening of air transport regulations when transporting lithium batteries. Failing to follow these rules could lead to serious consequences, including significant fines. With that in mind, it’s essential for you – and your chosen carrier – to take the time to ensure that during shipping, these lithium batteries are appropriately declared, labeled, packaged, and stored.

So, what do you need to know before shipping lithium batteries or battery-powered IoT devices?

1. Find a shipping company that can transport lithium batteries

First and foremost, when shipping lithium batteries by road, sea, rail, or air, you should choose a reputable carrier that has guidelines in place for shipping these items, together with trained personnel who understand how lithium batteries work and how to handle them safely. FedEx, USPS, UPS, or DHL can do the job but there are other commercial carriers. Just make sure they have a hazmat contract or a pre-approval for your specific type of lithium batteries and follow the UN/IATA/ICAO/ Dangerous Goods regulations.

Since 2016, the transport of lithium-ion batteries aboard passenger aircraft in bulk shipments have been prohibited so you’ll have to find the relevant carrier. This prohibition is not applicable to batteries packed with or contained in equipment.  Note: There are specific cargo-only carrying aircraft following the ICAO regulations, which allow lithium cells and batteries to shipped in bulk.

Packing and labeling is the responsibility of the shipper. You will be required to provide the carrier with the appropriate documentation. Most of these companies will provide you with a Shipping Guide stating their specific requirements for lithium-ion and lithium metal battery shipments according to the chosen mode of transport. Don’t forget, most freight nowadays is multi-modal: the shipment could start its journey by road, followed by air and then by road or rail. Packing your shipment for air transport is the surest way to ensure it will comply with the necessary requirements all the way.

2. The classifications and shipping descriptions

All hazardous materials are subject to the UN regulations and are assigned one of nine hazard classes. Lithium batteries have been assigned to Class 9- Miscellaneous Hazard Classification.

Additionally, the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods has classified dangerous goods under specific UN Numbers and “proper shipping names”. There are six possible shipping names (and labels) with corresponding UN numbers for lithium battery shipments based upon the type and how the package is configured:

1. UN 3480 Lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable)
2. UN 3481 Lithium-ion batteries contained in equipment
3. UN 3481 Lithium-ion batteries packed with equipment
4. UN 3090 Lithium metal batteries (non-rechargeable lithium batteries)
5. UN 3091 Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment
6. UN 3091 Lithium metal batteries packed with equipment

You will need to indicate the sizing of the batteries on your battery product label. Lithium-ion batteries are sized by power rating in Watt-hours (Wh) per cell and Watt-hours per battery. Normally, the power is indicated on the battery itself, as this is now mandatory (older batteries manufactured before 1st January 2009 may lack this labeling). Make sure you confirm the information with your manufacturer as it might not be indicated on the cell. For GREPOW batteries, the information is indicated in the datasheet available for each one of our batteries.

3. Prove your credentials: The UN 38.3 test summary

As of 1st of January 2020, producers and subsequent distributors of cells or batteries must make available a Test Summary Report or TSR—as specified in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria— before lithium cells/batteries can be transported. This is a series of 8 tests simulating safety in transport and environmental transport conditions such as pressure, temperature, shock, vibration, impact, altitude, etc. The test summary report includes a summary of the cell or batteries’ test results. Without this test summary report being made available to the transport logistics chain, the shipping of lithium cells and batteries is prohibited.

At GREPOW we do all of our own testings and provide the UN 38.3 test summary report online. Simply provide the full part number (P/N) to obtain the corresponding test report.

Be warned, when choosing your battery manufacturer, only cells and batteries manufactured under a quality management program may be offered for transport.

4. Pack your lithium batteries shipment

The packing is usually handled by the entity that ships the package as they are typically the signatories on the shipping declaration, which requires specific information depending on a number of parameters. The detailed requirements for any given lithium battery shipment may vary significantly depending on the battery type, size, quantity, configuration, weight, transporter, destination, and mode of transportation. It also depends on whether you are shipping batteries or cells only, cells or batteries packed with equipment (separately in the same package) or cells or batteries contained in equipment. The “Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations, Twenty-first revised edition (ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.21)” is the base reference document underlying the regulatory structure for all transport modes.  This document is publicly available at the link in the glossary below.

The document provides detailed guidance for classification, packaging and many other details, specific to various cases of transport for all classifications of dangerous goods including Lithium rechargeable and non-rechargeable cells and batteries – for example;

1. Small quantities of Li metal and Li-ion cells and batteries.
   a.    Special provision, Chapter 3.3, 188 (a), (b) etc.
2. Lithium cells and batteries when installed in equipment.
   a.    Special Provision Chapter 3.3, 188 (e), etc.

Packaging instructions specific to the various transport modes can be found on the respective websites of the institutions and organizations listed in the glossary at the end of this post.  Depending on the product you are shipping, where you are shipping and how, the shipper will have to follow the applicable packing requirements of the current edition of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport Of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations and the requirements of other regulatory bodies (ICAO, IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT, RID) depending on the intended mode of transport; a road, rail, air, sea or multi-modal.

Care must be taken to understand any additional requirements imposed by the different modes of transport.  Additional requirements and restrictions may be imposed by the various carriers, many of which address Lithium battery shipments.

Packaging may require official testing to prove it will protect its contents during transport when exposed to dropping, stacking, moisture, etc, before being allowed to transport Lithium cells and batteries.  Fortunately, this type of qualified packaging is readily available and pre-qualified from suppliers globally.

Nowadays, billions of batteries are shipped annually. Lithium battery accidents in transport are very rare, thanks to the regulations and high standards for air, road, sea, and rail shipping.  At first glance, it may appear a daunting task, but on the contrary, it is not difficult to ship your batteries or battery-powered devices, you just need to know what you are doing before you start! And you need to make sure that your chosen carrier is up to date with the regulations and follows the revisions that are being published on a regular basis.

If you need any advice on how to transport your GREPOW batteries for the Internet of Things, please get in touch with GREPOW at  info@grepow.com where your inquiry will be directed to a knowledgeable specialist, who can set you on the path to safely preparing your shipments in compliance with international transport regulations.

Glossary

• IATA   International Air Transport Association.
• ICAO   International Civil Aviation Organization.
• DOT    U.S. Department Of Transport.  
• UN       United Nations.   
• FAA     Federal Aviation Administration
• IMDG   International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• RID      Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• ADN    International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways
• ADR    European Agreement – International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road

Shenzhen Grepow Battery Co., Ltd. was founded in 1998. We are an advanced technology company specialized in the research and production of rechargeable button-cell battery, NIMH, Li-po batteries(made into any shaped battery), LiFePO4 batteries, and the development of power management systems. After decades of development, Grepow is now one of the largest manufacturers of high C-rate and high capacity batteries in China. Our self-owned brands “格氏ACE”, “GENS ACE” and “TATTU” are renowned home and abroad.

If you are interested in our battery products, please don’t hesitate to contact us at any time!
Email: info@grepow.com
Grepow Website: https://www.grepow.com/
IoT batteries: https://www.grepow.com/page/iot-battery.html

An Introduction to the TWS Bluetooth Headset and Charging Case

 

TWS (True Wireless Stereo) Bluetooth headsets have increasingly become popular in recent years after Apple released their TWS, the Airpods, in 2016.

With the aid of a Bluetooth chip, the headsets establish a wireless connection between the phone and the primary headset before establishing wireless communication between the primary and secondary headset, thereby completely abandoning the traditional cable connection usually seen in headsets. The main headset can also be used alone, fully capable of fulfilling the existing market demand for a single Bluetooth headset application.

TWS headset system

The TWS-headphone system can be divided into two main parts: the charging case and the headphones. The role of the charging case is similar to that of a power bank, which is to charge the two headphones. As there is limited space with the charging case and earphone, the battery capacity used in these two parts cannot be made large: they are generally within 1000mAh (among which 200-700mah range is the most common). The capacity of a Bluetooth headset battery is smaller, most of which are less than 100mAh. Ultimately, both the charging case and headset should focus on the design of the battery to ensure that the product has a longer use time.

Charging case system

The detailed charging case system block diagram is as follows:

Figure 1 TWS charging case system block diagram

The sensors mainly have Hall sensors in the signal chain to detect the opening and closing of the case. LED lights leave an interesting visual effect on the device. The Bluetooth chip can transmit the case information to the phone, making it easy for the phone to check the case’s power. Keystroke detection may require some devices, such as the SN74LVC1G74, a D-trigger that converts the pulse of a key into a level flip for the MCU to record key information.

Generally, the input port is made into a 5V micro USB port in the power rail (Apple’s Airpods’ lighting interface is also 5V). Considering that there are a number of current adapters that support high-powered quick charging, the charging case needs an overvoltage protection chip for misplacement protection plus a charger for the lithium battery. Many chargers nowadays have integrated overvoltage protection, but the overvoltage response time is not ideal. It is recommended to add an overvoltage protection chip for quick protection.

For the charger, it is recommended to use a charger with a power-path (i.e., path management) On one hand, when the battery of the charging case is low, plugging in the adapter will instantly give a higher system voltage to ensure that the case can immediately power low-battery headphones; on the other hand, when the fast charging stream is set too small and the load requires a constant load (such as an LED light), the load is likely to be near the charger’s cut-off current. Without the power-path function, the charger may not be able to tell if the battery is fully charged.

Batteries used in TWS charging cases are generally single-cell lithium batteries and usually supplied by the battery manufacturer.  The power meter and secondary protection IC package have been already included to ensure more reliable operation of the battery. The power supply of a single-cell lithium battery is mainly supplied in two parts: one part is boosted to 5V to power the headphones, the other part to 3V and below to power the MCU/Sensor, etc. in the case.

Headset system introduction

TWS generally has two headsets that have the same system. A detailed block diagram is below:

Figure 2 Block diagram of the headset system

The Bluetooth chip is responsible for receiving the data sent by phone in the signal chain, and it then pushes that information to the headphones through the earpiece. The sensors are mainly gravity sensors to detect signals, such as wobbling of the headphones.

Limited by its small available space, the headset can no longer be used as the power supply port for the micro USB interface in the power rail. The headphone input is usually changed into a specific metal contact patch. The headphone input power comes from the 5V charging case, so there is no risk of over-voltage on the headphone input, and it can be used without overvoltage protection (you can charge a single lithium battery directly with the charger). Similarly, the TWS headset battery is also supplied by the battery manufacturer, with an integrated power meter and secondary protection. The battery passes through LDO and supplies 2.5V or 1.8V power to the system.

The design of TWS headphones requires a comprehensive consideration of power consumption, packaging, and performance to provide better results for the product.

If you are interested in batteries for your TWS Bluetooth headset and charging case batteries, please contact us at info@grepow.com or visit our website at https://www.grepow.com/

Related Posts:

• Can You Overcharge a Bluetooth Headset?
• GREPOW’s Solution For Batteries of Bluetooth Headsets
• Can Bluetooth Headset Battery be Replaced?
• How to Check Bluetooth Battery on iPhone?
• How to Charge a Bluetooth Headset Correctly?
• How to Increase Bluetooth Headset Battery Life?

source:https://www.grepow.com/blog/an-introduction-to-the-tws-bluetooth-headset-and-charging-case/

Flexible Batteries for Smart Devices in the Future

 

The advancement of technology and the popularity of smart craze have also made electronic devices more and more colorful. Smart hardware, smartphones, smart wearable devices is also a trend in recent years, especially the rapid progress of electronic technology, but also let these electronic devices towards the thin and light, diversified, diversified, flexible direction, such as before the popular full-screen mobile phones, as well as Samsung, Apple and other manufacturers are to develop a new generation of foldable, bendable flexible electronic products.

This kind of flexible electronic products full of future science fiction appear frequently in a variety of electronic exhibitions to meet the public’s imagination of electronic technology, but also to guide the direction of the development of electronic products, flexible electronics is obviously one of the future trends.

It is worth mentioning that, flexible electronics has been named one of the world’s top ten scientific and technological achievements, it is predicted that it will bring about an electronic technology revolution. Today, this electronic technology revolution has quietly arrived under the market impetus.

Fueled by the broad market prospect, the development of flexible electronics technology is also changing rapidly, in which the biggest challenge in the development of flexible electronics is to adapt to the flexible energy storage devices. Traditional lithium batteries and supercapacitors are rigid, and when bent and folded, they are prone to cause separation of electrode materials and collectors, affecting electrochemical performance and even leading to short circuits and serious safety problems.

Therefore, in order to adapt to the development of the next generation of flexible electronic devices, flexible batteries have become a hotspot of research in recent years. GREPOW inventory of the recent top ten technical breakthroughs in the flexible batteries, to help you understand the current state of development of flexible batteries.

1. Flexible multifunctional bipolar all-solid-state lithium-ion battery

The National Institute of Science and Technology in Ulsan, South Korea, has developed a new flexible multifunctional bipolar all-solid-state lithium-ion battery that solves a common problem with bipolar lithium-ion batteries based on inorganic electrolytes.

The researchers are known to have prepared bipolar LIBs by solvent-free drying and UV curing-assisted multi-stage printing and developed a new flexible non-flammable gel electrolyte so that it can be used as a core component for printing electrodes and printing solid gel composite electrolytes. And this multi-stage printed bipolar battery preparation technique has great application potential as an efficient and scalable technology to bring the development of bipolar all-solid-state batteries to commercialization.

Lithium-ion batteries are not uncommon, now the mainstream electronics are using lithium-ion batteries, but the technology can break the characteristics of lithium batteries have been rigid, flexible multi-functional bipolar is undoubtedly a very big technological breakthrough.

2. Paper-based flexible supercapacitors

Seung Woo Lee, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Georgia Tech, and Jinhan Cho of Koryo University’s Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering have developed a paper-based flexible supercapacitor. The supercapacitor uses metal nanoparticles coated with cellulose fibers in the paper to create supercapacitor electrodes with high energy and high power density, achieving the best performance of textile-based supercapacitors to date.

Research tests have shown that capacitors made using this technology can be folded thousands of times without affecting conductivity. In addition, the metallic paper-based supercapacitors have a maximum power and energy density of 15.1mW/cm2 and 267.3uW/cm2, respectively, which are substantially better than conventional paper or textile supercapacitors.

It can also be combined with flexible capacitors and energy harvesting devices to power applications such as biomedical sensors, consumer electronics, and military electronics.

In the same way as lithium batteries, ultracapacitors are rigid and not easily bent or folded. But the technology takes a different angle on materials and breaks the mold by developing a paper-based flexible supercapacitor based on textiles. If the problem can be further solved and made commercially available, it is likely to bring about change.

3. Graphene high-performance flexible batteries

In China, the new energy carbon materials team at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a graphene-based molecular material that changes the traditional concept of battery materials and enables the preparation of high-performance, flexible batteries.

It is understood that the electrochemical sodium storage capacity shown by this material in the test study of sodium-ion batteries is in the leading position among similar materials, which may become a new generation of high-performance flexible batteries. It brings new perspectives and new concepts to the research of China’s future electrochemical energy storage devices, and will actively promote the progress of China’s 13th Five-Year New Energy and New Materials Research Plan.

After fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, graphene is a new all-carbon nanostructured material with abundant carbon chemical bonds, large conjugate system, wide surface spacing, and excellent chemical stability, which is regarded as one of the most stable synthetic isomers of diacetylene carbon. Due to its special electronic structure and excellent semiconductor performance similar to silicon, graphene is expected to be widely used in the field of electronics, semiconductors, and new energy.

4. Fiber-like solid-state lithium-ion flexible batteries

The University of Maryland has used 3D printing technology to produce fiber-like solid-state lithium-ion flexible batteries. The battery can maintain stable electrochemical properties in a bent state and can be combined with common fabrics in the future as an important energy storage device for wearable electronics.

It is worth mentioning that this preparation method is very simple and fast compared to other complex and sophisticated technologies. It may not be perfect in other aspects, but it provides new ideas for mass production of flexible lithium-ion batteries, which can also be effectively applied to other active material systems for flexible one-dimensional batteries.

The use of 3D printing technology has to be a new way of thinking, 3D printing technology has become very popular in recent years, and its cost and fabrication is also very easy and fast. For the flexible energy storage device industry, it is a worthy direction to think about.

5. Flexible solid-state supercapacitors

Ma Yanwei’s group at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEE) has developed for the first time a high energy density flexible solid-state supercapacitor with a 3.5V voltage window using a multi-stage graphene composite electrode and ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte. It is understood that this research was completed by the team of the Institute of Electrical Engineering in cooperation with Professor Ge Shibo of the Southwest University of Petroleum.

By adjusting the microstructure of the electrode and introducing ionic liquid gel electrolyte, the researchers succeeded in preparing a flexible solid-state supercapacitor with a wide voltage window, which effectively improved the energy density of the device. The flexible solid-state supercapacitor can still maintain more than 85% of its capacity after 10,000 cycles of charging and discharging, and 88% of its capacity after 1,000 cycles of continuous bending, with good electrochemical properties and excellent mechanical resistance to bending.

Graphene materials are not new to the market, and the concept of graphene batteries is familiar, but it has been in a state of technological development. This technological breakthrough provides an effective strategy for improving the energy density of flexible solid-state supercapacitors in the future.

6. Flexible calcium titanite solar cells

Professor Wu Chaoxin’s team at Xi’an Jiaotong University’s School of Telecommunication has discovered a way to achieve high-quality calcium titanite thin films through a simple method, resulting in an inverse planar heterojunction calcium titanite solar cell with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 19.44%.

It is understood that after the researchers prepared a good calcium titanate film by spin-coating, the film was post-treated with ammonium thiocyanate, and the calcium titanate film underwent a process of decomposition and then recrystallization, resulting in a calcium titanate film with larger grains, better crystallinity, and fewer defects. The method applied to the flexible cell, the realization of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 17.04% of the high-efficiency anti-planar heterojunction calcium titanate flexible cells, in the highest international flexible thin-film solar cell efficiency among.

The breakthrough of technology is to constantly look for more simple and effective solutions, the team of Professor Wu Chaoxin of Xi’an Jiaotong University discovered this method, which successfully pushed the efficiency of domestic flexible calcium titanate solar cells to the world’s top level.

7. Flexible bio-flexible batteries

A research team at Binghamton University is developing a bacterial bioenergy battery produced entirely from textiles, by creating a bio-cell made entirely from textiles that could produce maximum power similar to that produced by paper-based microbial fuel cells prior to the use of such a battery.

The researchers say that the flexible textile battery is based on low-cost graphene material, the external use of simple screen printing technology, the electrode will be very stable due to the strong interaction between the ink and textiles, and has good operational safety and long cycle life, the battery itself also supports fast charging, the flexible material allows water washing. Under repeated stretching and cyclic torsion, these biomaterials, made entirely from textiles, have a stable power generation capability.

Such stretchable, flexible energy-powered devices could provide a standardized platform for textile-based biomaterials, with the potential for future applications in wearable electronics. And in contrast to flexible batteries, stretchable and bendable bio-flexible batteries can be used in a variety of irregular electronic products.

8. Flexible aluminum graphene batteries

Gao Chao team of Zhejiang University’s Department of Polymer Science and Engineering has developed a new type of aluminum graphene battery. The researchers proposed the design principle of “three high and three continuous” graphene anode material, which makes the performance of aluminum graphene battery take a big step forward.

It is understood that the aluminum graphene battery is a flexible battery, it will be bent 10,000 times, but also can completely maintain the capacity, and the charging speed is very fast, only a few seconds to complete the charging time. And its range is also very strong, it can be cycled and charged 250,000 times and still have full power.

In addition, the battery is both heat and cold resistant and can work in environments ranging from -40 degrees Celsius to 120 degrees Celsius. In an environment of -30 degrees Celsius, this new battery can achieve 1,000 cycles of charging and discharging without loss of performance, while in an environment of 100 degrees Celsius, it can achieve 45,000 cycles of stable performance, showing a wide range of applications.

Cold resistance, high endurance, fast charging speed, flexibility, and other characteristics, is destined to be the future of smartphones or smart wearable depth of the perfect “partner”. The biggest challenge is undoubtedly to solve the technical problems to achieve mass production and commercial landing.

9. Flexible calcium titanate solar cell as thick as paper

Green Printing Key Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Song Yanlin research group, using the “printing” breakthrough in flexible calcium titanate solar cells, successfully prepared calcium titanate flexible solar cells with a thickness and flexibility similar to a piece of magazine paper, is expected to provide a reliable power supply for flexible wearable electronic devices.

It is unimaginable that one of China’s four ancient inventions, printing, is beginning to come to life in the new era. The research team’s nano-assembly and printing of a honeycomb-shaped nano-scaffold of calcium titanate, and the construction of an “optical resonance cavity” inside it, have both improved the mechanical stability and photovoltaic conversion of flexible calcium titanate solar cells.

It is understood that the technology developed by the magazine paper size of the calcite flexible solar cells can be used in wearable devices, and even clothing, automotive glass film, and other places, through the absorption of sunlight into electricity to charge other devices, both environmentally friendly and practical.

10. A new type of flexible transparent electrode

The research group of Professor Wenyong Lai of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, in cooperation with the research group of Wenming Su of Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, innovatively proposed the design idea of conductive polymer grid electrode and developed a new type of flexible transparent electrode with excellent comprehensive performance. A simple screen-printing technique has been established to overcome the problem of low-cost large-area preparation, and the current efficiency of the organic EL devices prepared by using it as an anode is 1.56 times higher than that of the devices using indium tin oxide (ITO) glass anode.

The electrode has high flexibility, high electrical conductivity, high light transmission characteristics, and has outstanding chemical stability, can be produced at low cost and patterned production, can be used as a transparent film electrode instead of transparent ITO electrode widely used in the construction of flexible organic EL devices, flexible organic solar cell devices, flexible organic field-effect transistor devices, and flexible energy storage devices.

11. Flexible lithium polymer batteries

Here is a test case of the bending performance of a GREPOW flexible shaped battery：Charge the battery to 3.83v and fix the battery to the surface of the white PVC card. Fix the cell pole card to the bending and torsion tester, 15 degrees forward and backward, and 30 degrees total distortion, for bending and torsion test.

After the bending and torsion test of the 0.45mm flexible battery for 9000 times, the surface of the cell was folded and the internal pole sheet had creases. The internal resistance increased by about 45%. The voltage before and after the bending and torsion basically remained unchanged.

Grepow’s shaped batteries can be made to operate in environments with a low temperature of -50℃ to 50℃. Under low temperatures, the batteries can achieve a lower internal resistance and, thus, a high discharge rate. Compared with traditional Lithium Polymer batteries, Grepow’s  flexible shaped batteries have broken through the discharge temperature limits of -20℃ to 60℃.

They are able to discharge over 60% efficiency at 0.2C at -40℃ and discharge over 80% efficiency at 0.2C at -30℃. When charged at 20℃ to 30℃ by 0.2C, the capacity can maintain above 85% after 300 cycles. The batteries can be ready for mass production, and they have been widely used in cold climates and military products.

The Grepow flexible Lipo Battery can be customized into a variety of irregularly shaped batteries, and it can be used in a variety of applications, from wearable devices to portable electronics.

Developed countries all over the world are making great efforts in the field of flexible energy storage, in which China also stands at the forefront of the world. In recent years, there has been frequent good news about technological breakthroughs.

Flexible electronics is one of the important development directions of electronic products in the future. Therefore, it is of great urgency to solve the problem of flexible energy storage devices. The New Year is bound to have major technological breakthroughs. Of course, there are still many problems and challenges to realize the practical application of flexible energy storage devices, which cannot be achieved without the efforts of scientific researchers.

If you are interested in flexible batteries, please don’t hesitate to contact us at any time!

Email: info@grepow.com

Click for more information on flexible batteries: https://www.grepow.com/page/shaped-battery.html

Articles related to flexible batteries:

A Review of Flexible Battery Manufacturers

A Flexible Battery With a Thickness of Less Than 1 mm has been Developed in Japan

Flexible Paper Battery Offers Future Power

Highly Flexible High-energy Textile Lithium Battery for Wearable Electronics

What is the Best lithium Battery for Cold Weather?

Low-temperature lithium-ion battery, including low-temperature 18650 lithium-ion battery, low-temperature pouch polymer lithium-ion battery, and a low-temperature iron phosphate lithium-ion battery. Batteries these kinds, each low-temperature battery has its own advantages and disadvantages, so to say which low-temperature lithium-ion battery is better, according to The actual equipment application requirements, the next by the lithium-ion battery manufacturers to explain which is the best low-temperature lithium-ion battery.

What is a low-temperature lithium-ion battery?

Cryogenic lithium ion battery refers to the lithium ion battery that can work normally in the extremely low temperature environment. Cryogenic lithium ion battery has cryogenic 18650 lithium ion battery, cryogenic soft polymer lithium ion battery and cryogenic lithium iron phosphate battery. Battery these kinds. Low-temperature lithium-ion battery is widely used because of its light weight, high specific energy and long life and other advantages, low-temperature lithium-ion battery is a kind of Made of special materials and processes, suitable for use in cold environments below zero.

The low temperature lithium-ion battery is widely used in: military weaponry, aerospace, bomb-carrying equipment, polar science research, cold zone rescue. Power communication, public security, medical electronics, railways, ships, robots and other fields. It can be seen that the application of low temperature lithium-ion battery is more military industrialization, or we commonly say it is more “high and mighty” some, which is also We don’t see it often for a reason. It is generally required to work properly in an environment of about -40 degrees, with a discharge capacity of 80% or higher, and a minimum operating temperature of – 50°C.

Which is the best low temperature lithium ion battery?

1. Pouch low-temperature lithium polymer battery

Pouch cryogenic polymer Li-ion batteries should have the best low-temperature performance, especially in smart wearable devices. The advantage. Pouch cryogenic polymer Li-ion batteries can be shaped and sized to fit the space reserved for the device, fully enabling the device to achieve better Practical Use Requirements.

Grepow’s LiPo batteries can be made to operate in environments with low Under low-temperatures, the batteries can be used at temperatures of -50℃ to 50℃. Under low-temperatures, the batteries can achieve a lower internal resistance, and, Compared with traditional Lithium Polymer batteries, Grepow’s batteries have broken through the Discharge temperature limits of -20°C to 60°C.

They are able to discharge over 60% efficiency at 0.2C at -40°C and discharge over 80% efficiency at 0.2C at -30°C. When charged at 20°C to 30°C by 0.2C, the temperature of the battery will be lower than that of the battery. When charged at 20°C to 30°C by 0.2C, the capacity can maintain above 85% after 300 The batteries can be ready for mass production. production, and they have been widely used in cold climates and military products.

The thickness of Grepow low-temperature batteries can be made to range between 0.4 mm to 8 mm, and the width can come to be mm to 8 mm, and the width can come to be We have over 5,000 special-shaped batteries, and They come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and capacities.

Grepow low-temperature shaped batteries

2. Low temperature 18650 Li-ion battery

The low temperature 18650 lithium-ion battery is a fixed size cylindrical steel case lithium-ion battery, due to the cylindrical steel case 18650 The electrolyte used in batteries is liquid, so the discharge performance at lower temperatures is highly variable. In terms of applications, the range of use is relatively small due to the fixed performance and size of the battery, but its manufacturing cost is lower than that of a low-temperature battery. Polymer lithium-ion battery and low-temperature lithium iron phosphate batteries are both lower.

3. low temperature lithium iron phosphate battery

Low-temperature lithium iron phosphate batteries have two outsourcing forms, one is the steel case, which is currently mostly used in the field of new energy batteries; the other Is aluminum plastic film to do the outer packaging of soft pack lithium iron phosphate batteries, this type of battery performance is basically the same as the polymer lithium ion battery, knowledge in the The low temperature performance is better than 18650 lithium-ion battery, less than the pouch polymer lithium-ion battery, due to iron phosphate lithium-ion battery. It is less mature than the other two in terms of technology, and at the same time, the equipment requirements are higher in terms of manufacturing technology.

Grepow’s low-temperature LiFePO4 batteries ensure a great low-temperature discharge performance through the addition of functional materials into the electrolytes, as well as excellent technology that we have developed for a long time. The discharge current at 0.2C is over 85% of initial capacity at -20℃, 85% at -30℃, around 55% at -40℃.

Grepow’s low-temperature LiFePO4 batteries

What are the factors affecting the low temperature lithium-ion battery?

1. High-melting solvents

Due to the presence of high melting point solvents in the electrolyte mixture, the viscosity of lithium ion battery electrolyte increases in the low temperature environment, when the temperature is too low. electrolyte solidification occurs, resulting in a reduction in the transfer rate of lithium ions in the electrolyte.

2. SEI membrane

Under low temperature environment, the SEI film of the negative electrode of lithium ion battery thickens and the impedance of SEI film increases, resulting in the conduction of lithium ion in the SEI film. The rate decreases, and eventually lithium ion batteries are charged and discharged at low temperatures to form a polarization that reduces charge and discharge efficiency.

3. Anode structure

The three-dimensional structure of the anode material restricts the diffusion rate of lithium ions, especially at low temperatures. The discharge capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery at -20 ℃ can only reach 67.38% of the room temperature capacity, while the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary battery Able to reach 70.1%. The discharge capacity of lithium manganese acid battery at -20℃ can reach 83% of the room temperature capacity.

To improve the performance of low temperature lithium ion battery, we should consider the influence of anode, cathode, electrolyte and other comprehensive factors in the battery. Through the optimization of the battery system as a whole, the polarization of the lithium ion battery under low temperature can be reduced, so that the low temperature performance of the battery can be further improved. If the lithium-ion battery is used at low temperature, the performance is poor no matter charging or discharging, and it may affect the service life, or it should be used at low temperature. Prevention.

If you are interested in our low temperature lithium batteries, please don’t hesitate to contact us at any time!

Email: info@grepow.com

Grepow Website: https://www.grepow.com/

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