Shaped Batteries for Wearable Devices will Flourish

 

Smart wearable devices refer to the items we wear every day, such as smart helmets, smartwatches, smart rings, smart belts, smart insoles, belts, etc., with smart electronic design functions, and then quantitatively analyze the data, give recommendations, reports, and Suggest. Now there are more and more categories of wearable devices, expanding to more areas: for example, children’s safety tracking bracelets, smart clothes, smart shoes, and special warm vests for the elderly; sports are required to monitor relevant physiological information during exercise Wearable devices such as sports watches and smart bracelets are quite popular among consumers. Or combine other technologies to develop new products that fit the market.

The wearable market satisfies young people’s pursuit of coolness and individuality. It has developed rapidly in the past few years and has broad room for development in the future. Data show that in the first quarter of 2018, global wearable device shipments were 25.1 million units, a year-on-year increase of 1.2%. Among them, from Apple, Fitbit and many brands, fashionable, more expensive smart wearable devices increased by 28.4%. Watches and bracelets accounted for 95% of global wearable device shipments in the first quarter. In 2018, the total global shipments of wearable devices reached 124.9 million units, an increase of 8.2% year-on-year. With the gradual maturity of wearable technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, it is estimated that global wearable device shipments will reach 199.8 million units in 2020.

In order to be cooler, wearable device manufacturers put forward special requirements for batteries such as smaller size, flexibility, and irregular shapes. “Currently, the supporting batteries for wearable devices are large and small, and the specifications and parameters are not uniform. However, the industry is exploring battery products with smaller volume and higher energy density.”

Although most wearable devices use ultra-low energy BLE technology (Bluetooth Low Energy Technology), users still need to change frequently to ensure that the device is fully charged. For wearable device manufacturers, providing high-efficiency wearable new energy batteries is an urgent problem to be solved. From the perspective of wearable device designers, they also look forward to having high-quality batteries, because only in this way can they Attract more consumers to like to use their devices.

GREPOW special-shaped batteries focus on wearable battery solutions. It has the advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, wide applicable temperature range, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, and pollution-free, which meets the battery requirements of smart wearable devices. The widespread use of smart bracelets, smartwatches, and medical applications has been recognized by many first-tier manufacturers at home and abroad, with monthly shipments of more than one million.

Compared with the past nickel-chromium batteries, GREPOW special-shaped lithium batteries “occupies” most of the market. Utilize the irregular available space of the product with maximum efficiency, meet the shape of the product that meets the needs of consumers, and improve the efficiency of space use; this kind of battery is more popular and very easy to carry because it can be put into almost any small pocket. At the same time, the production technology of GREPOW special-shaped batteries not only meets the requirements of high-voltage, high-discharge rate, and fast charging but also in addition to the production of standard 3.7V lithium-ion batteries, it can also mass-produce high-voltage batteries 3.8v and 3.85v. The product quality is better than similar products.

High discharge rate technology and the fast charging function can reduce the interval time between uses, allowing your products to be more competitive than competitors. GREPOW’s lithium polymer batteries are very small and light. Only a small amount of maintenance is required, and the cost is very low. Safe and environmentally friendly, the damage to the environment is small, and the battery is durable and has a long life. “This means that GREPOW wearable special-shaped batteries can meet the rapid development needs of current electronic products and wearable devices.” In fact, it is precise because traditional batteries are rigid, they are prone to serious safety problems when they are bent or folded. ; While the GREPOW wearable special-shaped batteries maintain good flexibility while still maintaining the original energy density without affecting the battery life of the device.

In the future, the number of wearable devices is expected to explode, which means that the demand for smaller batteries with a longer battery life will increase significantly. We can also predict that the more intelligent the equipment will be the higher the pursuit of energy efficiency. According to the current use of various wearable devices on the market, it can be said that the level of various batteries is actually not bad, and each has different advantages and disadvantages. However, scientists and professionals are working hard to improve battery capacity and further reduce battery damage to the environment. In the future, a wearable industry equipped with high-efficiency batteries will flourish!

If you are interested in our battery products, please don’t hesitate to contact us at any time!
Email: info@grepow.com
Grepow Website: https://www.grepow.com/

Related articles:

1. Lithium Batteries as a Power Source for Wearable Products
2. Special Shaped Battery Perfectly Combination with Smart Wearable Devices
3. Curved Lithium Polymer Battery – Wearable Device Mobile Power
4. Wearable Medical Technology Will Benefit Chronic Diseases Patients
5. Current Status of Wearable Devices And Future Trends
6. How Smart Wearable Medical Devices Collect Energy？
7. The Future Of Medical Wearable
8. How do I find a battery for the wearable devices?
9. Wearable Device Power Solution
10. How to optimize wearable system power management？
11. Comprehensive Power Solutions for Wearable Devices
12. All Kind of Wearable Batteries Comparison

Where to buy round battery | round battery price | round battery replacement 3.7V 960mAh GRP5545043

 

Grepow 3.7V 960mAh LiPo Round Shaped Battery 5545043 Specifications:

sorting	Shaped battery
Brand	Grepow
Capacity(mAh)	960mAh
Voltage(V)	3.7V
Discharge Rate (C)	1C
Configuration	1S1P
Net Weight(±20g)	17.6±1.0
Length(±5mm)	43
Width(±2mm)	45.1
Height(±2mm)	5.35

Applications:

Smart wearable, medical equipment and other portable devices

GREPOW is a high-technology lithium-polymer battery specialist who is capable of providing fully integrated battery solutions to power wide range of electronics equipment.

When the dimension and weight of electronics is critical, GREPOW’s special shaped batteries are proven to deliver good durability and reliability, outstanding performance and long cycle life for fast-growing smart, mobile and wearable electronics.

See more Round Batteries' instruction to the link: https://www.grepow.com/page/round-lithium-polymer-battery.html

Round battery products you may be interested in:

• Grepow 3.7V 630mAh 1S1P LiPo Round Shaped Battery 6035033
• Grepow 3.7V 835mAh LiPo Irregular Round Shaped Battery 7042030
• Grepow 145mAh 3.8V Round Shaped Lipo Battery 2530027
• Grepow 1500mAh 3.7V Round Shaped Lipo Battery 7550040

Best Custom Medical Battery Solution for Top Medical Device Companies

 Advanced lithium battery technology delivers unparalleled efficiency and convenience for everything from smartphones to portable medical devices. The advantages are significant. Using a lithium battery can reduce the weight of the device and extend the working time between charges, making it more useful for providing medical care.

Medical Grade Lithium Batteries As you might expect, the safe integration of lithium batteries into the design is not only a major issue but also a challenge for medical device developers. Fortunately, many regulatory agencies such as UL, IEC, and FDA provide certification to regulate the safety of medical devices and the lithium batteries that power them. All certificates focus on the end user's security protection of the medical device in the target operating environment.

Medical device providers must comply with safety certificate guidelines

GREPOW believes that every medical device provider must comply with the safety certificate guidelines to provide users with safety and comfort. This is a problem because the current limited understanding of lithium battery technology and the risk of liability for lithium battery technology may pose greater risks to related equipment. Medical device developers need to fully understand and adopt the characteristics of lithium batteries in product design to minimize risk and exposure.

For example, developers who must use rectangular lithium polymer batteries to install into their medical devices may experience the inconsistent performance, expansion rates, and reliability issues after the use of Li-Po batteries. We have the knowledge of designing batteries to maintain good performance under these adverse conditions. The expansion rate and reliability issues after use. We have the knowledge of designing batteries to maintain good performance under these adverse conditions. The expansion rate and reliability issues after use. We have the knowledge of designing batteries to maintain good performance under these adverse conditions.

Medical device manufacturers should purchase certified lithium batteries

Medical grade batteries In order to comply with all medical certificates, lithium batteries must be produced by UL-certified factories. From chemical production to battery assembly and final testing, lithium battery production must be performed in a UL certified facility.

Any medical device manufacturer should not purchase lithium batteries from a factory that is not UL listed because they will not receive FDA approval. Therefore, in order to serve our customers, GREPOW has taken all necessary steps to obtain UL certification for our manufacturing plants.

In order to obtain FDA approval, there is a high demand for documentation on testing, safety and quality standards, and performance for UL certified plants. UL, IEC, and FDA have extensive documentation requirements to ensure the safe production of medical devices and to operate safely in medical environments.

Regulators may not know exactly what the medical device does. However, they do understand the materials involved and provide guidelines to medical device manufacturers to produce their products in a manner that prevents failures that could result in personal injury or death. The goal is to ensure that no accidents occur.

If an error occurs, these guidelines can also help the OEM and its supply chain track the root cause to prevent the error from occurring again. In order to properly track responsibilities, these regulators require complete documentation from equipment manufacturers and lithium battery manufacturers.

The design solution for the medical devices power requirements

GREPOW has been designing and manufacturing lithium battery pack solutions for medical applications for many years. The expertise we have gained enables our experts to find the right lithium chemistry formula and meet the specific needs of portable medical devices with a well-designed Smart Battery Management System (BMS).

With a wealth of experience, medical device developers should now work with GREPOW as their professional medical lithium battery manufacturer instead of trying to develop their own battery solutions. We focus on the technical challenges of integrating battery power in a way that balances performance and safety in the best possible way.

Our medical product lines are also diverse. We can support all medical devices with battery voltage requirements from 3.7V to 60V DC and capacities from 450mAh to 80Ah.

OEMs and other medical device developers should seek professional advice or cooperation advice from GREPOW before taking the next step. For more details on how GREPOW designs the best solution for the power requirements of medical devices, please see our custom battery solution page.

GREPOW medical battery in the design phase

The design of the GREPOW medical battery completely solves the OEM safety problem. The standards we use in the development of medical batteries consider the worst-case scenario of abusing lithium batteries in any operating environment. E.g:

• Medical equipment on fire: The mechanical design of the GREPOW medical battery allows the shape of the battery pack to be changed to prevent explosions, which can cause debris and damage.
• The battery BMS is designed to be redundant and meets all hypothetical safety issues for UL inspectors.
• Pass the high-temperature aging test, low-temperature aging test
• Batch processing test with long batch processing
• Drop and impact test
• The physical destructive penetration test

These tests were conducted to evaluate the design of the GREPOW medical battery to understand how the GREPOW medical battery performs in protecting users in the event of any form of damage or environmental disaster. We can say with certainty that our battery design has passed these tests before it is produced.

Medical battery production at UL-certified factories

In order to comply with all medical certificates, lithium batteries must be produced by a UL-certified factory. From chemical production to battery pack assembly and final testing, lithium batteries must be produced in UL-certified plants. In the process of applying for FDA approval, the requirements for testing, safety and quality standards, and performance documentation for UL certified plants are high. Any medical device manufacturer should not purchase lithium batteries from a factory that is not UL listed because they will not receive FDA approval.

GREPOW's factories have passed UL certification for our medical battery product line.

As noted above, UL, IEC, and FDA have extensive documentation requirements to ensure the safe production of medical devices and safe operation when used in a medical environment. We actively support OEM customers' applications by obtaining all the documentation required for regulatory approval.

 GREPOW Medical Battery Features

• Meets UL / IEC / UN safety guidelines
• Prepare to provide quality and safety documentation to support OEM FDA applications
• Safety design for overcharge/discharge protection
• Safety design for overcurrent protection
• High-temperature performance and safe design for protection
• The unique mechanical design prevents injury in catastrophic conditions
• Accelerate equipment development schedule (accelerate market launch)

Custom battery solutions to meet the medical application's needs

GREPOW is committed to using clean energy technologies to promote sustainability and create a better world. We plan to develop high-security, high-quality batteries for medical applications. Our medical batteries can be customized to integrate your creativity and meet specific needs.

With over 20 years of customer service experience, Grepow has developed a very complete service system, specifically tailored for our customers, which helps us in better understanding your needs in the first step of our communication, in a highly time-efficient way.

If you are interested in our customized battery, please don't hesitate to contact us at any time!
Email: info@grepow.com
Grepow Website: https://www.grepow.com/

Introduction of battery types

 

1. Primary batteries: Disposable and can not be used repeatedly

Carbon zinc batteries, alkaline batteries, paste zinc manganese batteries, cardboard zinc manganese batteries, alkaline zinc manganese batteries, button batteries (button zinc silver batteries, button lithium manganese batteries, button zinc manganese batteries), zinc-air batteries, primary lithium manganese batteries, etc., mercury batteries.

According to the use of the isolation layer is divided into paste and plate batteries, and plate batteries are divided into C-type (ammonium) and P-type (zinc) cardboard batteries according to different electrolyte liquid.

The traditional paste type zinc-manganese dry cell battery adopts the natural manganese dioxide with lower activity as the cathode material, the isolation layer is the paste isolation layer of starch and flour, the electrolyte is the aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride based on H4CL, and the cathode is a zinc cylinder, its discharge performance is generally poor, its capacity is low, and the battery is prone to leakage at the end of service, but the price is cheap.

C-type (ammonium) cardboard battery is based on the paste type battery with pulp layer paper instead of paste paper, not only the positive electrode filling capacity is increased by about 30%, but also 30-70% high activity manganese instead of natural manganese, so the capacity can be increased and the range of use can be expanded, mostly used for small current discharge occasions, such as clocks, remote control, radio, flashlight and other occasions.

P-type (zinc) cardboard battery adopts zinc chloride as the main electrolyte, and all the cathode materials are made of high activity manganese powder, such as electrolytic manganese, active manganese, etc. Its leak-proof performance is much higher than that of paste and C-type battery.

Cylindrical alkaline zinc-manganese battery alkaline battery, also known as alkaline manganese battery, is the best performance of the zinc-manganese battery series. The battery uses aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as electrolyte liquid, and adopts the opposite cathode structure with zinc-manganese battery, the cathode inside is paste-like colloid with copper nail as collector, the positive pole outside, the active material and conductive material are pressed into a ring to connect with the battery shell, and the positive and negative poles are separated by a special diaphragm.

The casing is generally made of 08F nickel-plated steel strip by cold-rolling and stamping, and is also used as the positive collector, the positive electrolytic manganese dioxide material is pressed into a ring close to the inner wall of the column to ensure good contact, and the negative electrode is made of powdered zinc particles and paste in the middle of the battery, with the negative collector inserted between it (the negative electrode is generally a copper nail), and the collector is connected to the bottom of the negative electrode. The battery is separated by a nylon or polypropylene sealing ring, and the battery is almost identical to the general battery.

2. Secondary battery: rechargeable and reusable.

Secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery, nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery, nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery, lithium rechargeable battery, lead-acid battery, solar battery. Lead-acid batteries can be divided into open-type lead-acid batteries, fully enclosed lead-acid batteries.

Ni-Cd(Ni-Cd)chemicalbatteries(secONdarybatteries)

Nickel-metal hydride Ni-MH

Li-ion,lithiumbatteries

lead-acid batteries

Other

physicalenergy

Solarcellbatteries

microbial cell

Polymer batteries

Any kind of battery consists of four basic parts, four important parts are two different materials of electrode, electrolyte, separator and shell.

3. Green battery

It refers to a kind of high-performance, non-polluting batteries that have been put into use or are being developed in recent years, including nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries that have been put into use, alkaline mercury-free zinc-manganese primary batteries that are being promoted for use, fuel-powered batteries and solar cells (photovoltaic cells).

4.Lead-acid batteries

In 1859, Plante (France) discovered that a battery consists of five basic parts, including a positive plate, a negative plate, an electrolyte, a separator, and a container (battery tank). The battery is made of lead dioxide as positive active substance, lead as negative active substance, sulfuric acid as electrolyte, and microporous rubber, sintered polyvinyl chloride, glass fiber, polypropylene, etc. as separator.

5.Nickel cadmium batteries and metal hydride batteries

Both use nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide as the positive electrode, aqueous potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte solution, and cadmium metal or metal hydride as the negative electrode. Metal hydride batteries were invented at the end of 1980s by using the electrochemical reversibility of the reaction between hydrogen absorbing alloy and hydrogen releasing, and are the leading products of small secondary batteries.

6.Lithium ion battery

Batteries that use lithium metal or lithium compounds as the active material are commonly known as lithium ion batteries, and are divided into primary lithium ion batteries and secondary lithium ion batteries.

It is a battery made of carbon materials that can embed and de-embed lithium ions instead of pure lithium as the negative electrode, lithium compounds as the positive electrode, and mixed electrolyte liquid as the electrolyte liquid.

Lithium ion battery cathode material is usually lithium active compound composition, the cathode is a special molecular structure of carbon. When charging, the potential applied to the two poles of the battery forces the positive compound to release lithium ions, which are embedded in the carbon of the negative molecule arranged in a lamellar structure. When discharged, the lithium ions are precipitated from the carbon in the lamellar structure and combine with the compound of the positive electrode again. By the movement of the lithium ion, an electric current appears.

Although the chemical reaction principle is very simple, however, in the actual industrial production, there are many practical issues to consider: the material of the positive electrode should be additive to maintain the activity of multiple charge and discharge, the material of the negative electrode should be designed at the molecular structure level to accommodate more lithium ions; the electrolyte filled between the positive and negative electrode, in addition to maintaining stability, but also has a good electrical conductivity, in order to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.

Although lithium-ion batteries have almost no memory effect, but, lithium-ion battery capacity will still be reduced after multiple charges, the important reason is the anode and cathode material itself changes. From the molecular level, the cavity structure on the anode to accommodate lithium ions will gradually collapse, blocked; from a chemical point of view, the anode and cathode material activity passivation, a side reaction to generate stable other compounds. Physically, there will also be a gradual peeling of the cathode material, etc., in short, eventually reducing the number of lithium ions in the battery can be free to move in the charging and discharging process.

Overcharging and overdischarge will cause permanent damage to the anode and cathode of the lithium-ion battery, from the molecular level, it can be intuitively understood that overdischarge will lead to excessive release of lithium ions from the cathode carbon and make its lamellar structure collapse, overcharging will force too many lithium ions into the cathode carbon structure to go, and make some of the lithium ions can no longer be released. This is why lithium ion batteries are usually equipped with charge and discharge control circuit.

7. Fuel Power Battery

A device that uses a direct connection between a fuel (e.g. hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuel) and an oxidizer (e.g. pure oxygen or oxygen in air) to generate electricity. It has a high efficiency, an electrochemical reaction conversion efficiency of 40% or more, and no polluting gas emissions.

Every time you use the walkie-talkie battery that has been out of use for more than 2 months, it should be completely discharged and then completely charged.

Nickel Chromium battery (NickelCadmium) or Nickel Hydride battery (NickeMetalHydride) charge 14-16 hours.

Lithium ion battery and lithium polymer battery (Lithiumlon/polymer): the first charge when the indicator light turns green and then charged for 1-2 hours.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Flexible Metal-air Battery’s Research Progress

 

With the development of flexible and wearable electronic devices, flexible energy storage devices have attracted extensive attention from the scientific and industrial communities. In recent years, a series of works have been carried out around flexible lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, and important progress has been made.

However, in order to extend the life of electronic devices, energy storage systems need to have a higher energy density. Flexible metal-air batteries that can be cyclically charged and discharged will greatly improve the endurance of flexible and wearable electronic devices, but more challenges need to be addressed.

On the one hand, the energy density, energy efficiency, and cycle life of the battery need to be improved; on the other hand, the electrode structure, electrolyte materials, and battery structure need to be optimized to maintain stable electrochemical performance under deformation conditions.

This article will introduce the recent advances in the structural design, electrode and electrolyte material development, and operating condition management of flexible metal-air batteries, mainly zinc-air and lithium-air batteries, and discusses future research directions and prospects.

Metal-air batteries have attracted extensive research attention due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density as shown in Figure 1. Among them, rechargeable zinc-air batteries in alkaline systems and lithium-air batteries in organic systems as typical representatives of aqueous and non-aqueous systems are the hotspots of recent research.

The working principle of the battery is shown in Figure 2. When the battery is prepared to be flexible, it is necessary to design new flexible structures, prepare flexible electrode materials, and solid electrolyte membranes to face more challenges.

Fig. 1 Comparison of capacity, energy density, and voltage of different metal-air batteries

 

Schematic diagram of the working principle of zinc-air battery in an alkaline system and lithium-air battery in a non-aqueous system.

Flexible battery structure and testing

The current cell structure widely used in flexible zinc-air and lithium-air batteries is a sandwich structure consisting of a flexible positive electrode, an electrolyte membrane, and a negative electrode stacked on top of each other. Another structure is a tubular one that uses a wire-shaped metal electrode with an electrolyte layer and an air electrode layer wrapped around the surface in turn. In addition, there are some new structures, such as a foldable battery structure and a flexible, ultra-light lithium-air battery inspired by bamboo sticks.

In addition to the charge/discharge and cycle life tests in conventional batteries, stability under external forces is of paramount importance for testing flexible batteries. These include electrochemical stability under bending, twisting at different angles and stretching at different lengths, as well as retention of performance under long-term fatigue.

Metal electrode

In flexible air batteries, metal sheets are often used directly as electrodes. However, the metal sheet may suffer from fatigue failure in long-term bending. In flexible zinc-air batteries, there is a combination of metal powder and binder and conductive carbon powder to form a composite electrode, which improves the flexibility and stability of the electrode. In flexible lithium-empty batteries, lithium metal and stainless steel mesh are rolled together to improve the fatigue resistance of the metal electrode.

In addition, in order to achieve a certain stretchability in a flexible battery, the metal electrodes can be made into a spring-like material or a combination of small pieces and a complete electrode to meet the need for stretching through the “integer into zero”.

Electrolyte film

In flexible zinc-air batteries, anion exchange membranes and alkaline gel electrolytes are mainly used as the electrolyte membranes of the batteries. In flexible lithium-air batteries, the electrolyte membranes mainly include gel, solid and composite polymer electrolyte membranes. In order to achieve the good electrochemical performance of flexible batteries, the electrolyte membrane is required to have good conductivity, chemical, and electrochemical stability and other properties of traditional liquid electrolytes, in addition to the interfacial problem with metal and air electrodes is a challenge that needs to be solved.

For the electrolyte membrane-metal electrode interface, the problems of dendrite and surface passivation need to be overcome. For the electrolyte membrane-air electrode interface, the solid electrolyte greatly reduces the effective reaction interface. For lithium-air batteries, the degradation of the reaction area is further exacerbated by the fact that the product is solid lithium peroxide. Thus, effective methods are needed to increase the reaction interface.

In addition, during the bending or twisting of the battery, the electrode and electrolyte membrane may separate due to differences in the mechanical properties of the electrode and electrolyte membranes. How to maintain the stability of the interface is the key to ensure the long-term stable operation of the battery.

Air electrode

Air electrodes, as an important component of metal-air batteries, have been the focus of research. On the one hand, an effective catalyst is needed to achieve rapid charging and discharging of the battery; on the other hand, a suitable structure is needed to ensure oxygen transport. In flexible batteries, it is even more necessary for the electrode to have good flexibility to meet the needs of deformation.

Currently, the main flexible electrodes include：

1. Electrodes consisting of a network of carbon cloth or carbon fiber.
2. e.g. carbon nanotube paper, graphite paper electrodes made of carbon nanotube materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes, graphene).
3. Electrodes formed from metal substrates such as stainless steel mesh, nickel mesh.
4. Some other new flexible electrodes.

operation management

Typically, zinc-air batteries operate directly in the air, while lithium-air batteries operate in oxygen. The operating conditions can seriously affect the performance of the battery. First of all, moisture in the air will affect the stability of the electrolyte film, while carbon dioxide in the air has a greater impact: carbonate will be formed in zinc-air batteries, affecting the conductivity of the electrolyte; and lithium carbonate will be formed as a solid by-product in lithium-air batteries, affecting the charging performance of the battery. Secondly, battery performance is usually tested at room temperature, while the actual use of the temperature has a large variation. For example, in wearable devices, the operating temperature of the battery may rise to thirty degrees or more due to contact with the human body. In different seasons and regions, the temperature will vary even more. Therefore, future battery testing will need to look in more detail at stability under different gas atmospheres and temperatures, and adopt appropriate management measures.

Future developments of flexible batteries

In recent years, a number of advances have been made in flexible metal-air batteries, with substantial hints of the energy density, efficiency, and cycle life of the batteries. Future research needs to further address the following issues.

1. New structural design of the battery, which meets the requirement of maintaining stable electrochemical performance under various deformation conditions.
2. The establishment of evaluation criteria to standardize the assessment of battery performance, such as the specification of accepted flexibility test standards (e.g., bending and twisting angles, tensile lengths, fatigue tests, etc.) based on uniform mass or volume.
3. development of flexible components, including metal and air electrodes, electrolyte membranes, collectors, and encapsulation materials.

Fourth, the management of the operating conditions will ensure that stable electrochemical performance is provided under different conditions.

In conclusion, future research needs to use a combination of experimental online monitoring and numerical simulation and other technical means to clearly elucidate the relationship between material transport, structural changes, and electrochemical reactions during battery operation to provide important guidance for rational battery design.

Related Articles：

1. Flexible Battery for Wearable Electronics
2. A Review of Flexible Battery Manufacturers
3. Flexible Batteries will Change the Future of Smart Devices
4. A Flexible Battery With a Thickness of Less Than 1 mm has been Developed in Japan
5. Flexible Paper Battery Offers Future Power
6. Highly Flexible High-energy Textile Lithium Battery for Wearable Electronics
7. Flexible Batteries Enable More Space in Foldable Phones

More about flexible batteries can be found on the page: https://www.grepow.com/page/shaped-battery.html

Contact us at info@grepow.com

Transport Lithium Batteries or Battery Powered IoT Devices

The transportation modes of lithium batteries include air transportation, water transportation, and land transportation. So far, the most commonly used air transportation and sea transportation are mainly discussed.

Because lithium is a metal that is particularly prone to chemical reactions, stretching and burning, lithium battery packaging, and transportation, such as improper handling, easy to burn, and explosion, accidents also occur from time to time. More and more attention has been paid to accidents caused by non-standard behaviors in packaging and transportation. A number of international organizations have issued a number of regulations, and various management organizations have become increasingly strict, raising operational requirements and constantly revising regulations and regulations (for example, IATA has revised regulations for lithium battery transportation every two years).

Are you planning on shipping your lithium batteries or your IoT devices by air, sea, rail, or road? You may not realize it but there are a number of rules that must be adhered to. Lithium batteries are classed as dangerous goods in transportation.  With billions of non-rechargeable and rechargeable lithium cells and batteries powering most of the world’s consumer and industrial electronic devices, shipping them to the customer through vast global logistics chains is often an overlooked subject.

Safety requirements have led to a tightening of air transport regulations when transporting lithium batteries. Failing to follow these rules could lead to serious consequences, including significant fines. With that in mind, it’s essential for you – and your chosen carrier – to take the time to ensure that during shipping, these lithium batteries are appropriately declared, labeled, packaged, and stored.

So, what do you need to know before shipping lithium batteries or battery-powered IoT devices?

1. Find a shipping company that can transport lithium batteries

First and foremost, when shipping lithium batteries by road, sea, rail, or air, you should choose a reputable carrier that has guidelines in place for shipping these items, together with trained personnel who understand how lithium batteries work and how to handle them safely. FedEx, USPS, UPS, or DHL can do the job but there are other commercial carriers. Just make sure they have a hazmat contract or a pre-approval for your specific type of lithium batteries and follow the UN/IATA/ICAO/ Dangerous Goods regulations.

Since 2016, the transport of lithium-ion batteries aboard passenger aircraft in bulk shipments have been prohibited so you’ll have to find the relevant carrier. This prohibition is not applicable to batteries packed with or contained in equipment.  Note: There are specific cargo-only carrying aircraft following the ICAO regulations, which allow lithium cells and batteries to shipped in bulk.

Packing and labeling is the responsibility of the shipper. You will be required to provide the carrier with the appropriate documentation. Most of these companies will provide you with a Shipping Guide stating their specific requirements for lithium-ion and lithium metal battery shipments according to the chosen mode of transport. Don’t forget, most freight nowadays is multi-modal: the shipment could start its journey by road, followed by air and then by road or rail. Packing your shipment for air transport is the surest way to ensure it will comply with the necessary requirements all the way.

2. The classifications and shipping descriptions

All hazardous materials are subject to the UN regulations and are assigned one of nine hazard classes. Lithium batteries have been assigned to Class 9- Miscellaneous Hazard Classification.

Additionally, the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods has classified dangerous goods under specific UN Numbers and “proper shipping names”. There are six possible shipping names (and labels) with corresponding UN numbers for lithium battery shipments based upon the type and how the package is configured:

1. UN 3480 Lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable)
2. UN 3481 Lithium-ion batteries contained in equipment
3. UN 3481 Lithium-ion batteries packed with equipment
4. UN 3090 Lithium metal batteries (non-rechargeable lithium batteries)
5. UN 3091 Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment
6. UN 3091 Lithium metal batteries packed with equipment

You will need to indicate the sizing of the batteries on your battery product label. Lithium-ion batteries are sized by power rating in Watt-hours (Wh) per cell and Watt-hours per battery. Normally, the power is indicated on the battery itself, as this is now mandatory (older batteries manufactured before 1st January 2009 may lack this labeling). Make sure you confirm the information with your manufacturer as it might not be indicated on the cell. For GREPOW batteries, the information is indicated in the datasheet available for each one of our batteries.

3. Prove your credentials: The UN 38.3 test summary

As of 1st of January 2020, producers and subsequent distributors of cells or batteries must make available a Test Summary Report or TSR—as specified in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria— before lithium cells/batteries can be transported. This is a series of 8 tests simulating safety in transport and environmental transport conditions such as pressure, temperature, shock, vibration, impact, altitude, etc. The test summary report includes a summary of the cell or batteries’ test results. Without this test summary report being made available to the transport logistics chain, the shipping of lithium cells and batteries is prohibited.

At GREPOW we do all of our own testings and provide the UN 38.3 test summary report online. Simply provide the full part number (P/N) to obtain the corresponding test report.

Be warned, when choosing your battery manufacturer, only cells and batteries manufactured under a quality management program may be offered for transport.

4. Pack your lithium batteries shipment

The packing is usually handled by the entity that ships the package as they are typically the signatories on the shipping declaration, which requires specific information depending on a number of parameters. The detailed requirements for any given lithium battery shipment may vary significantly depending on the battery type, size, quantity, configuration, weight, transporter, destination, and mode of transportation. It also depends on whether you are shipping batteries or cells only, cells or batteries packed with equipment (separately in the same package) or cells or batteries contained in equipment. The “Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations, Twenty-first revised edition (ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.21)” is the base reference document underlying the regulatory structure for all transport modes.  This document is publicly available at the link in the glossary below.

The document provides detailed guidance for classification, packaging and many other details, specific to various cases of transport for all classifications of dangerous goods including Lithium rechargeable and non-rechargeable cells and batteries – for example;

1. Small quantities of Li metal and Li-ion cells and batteries.
   a.    Special provision, Chapter 3.3, 188 (a), (b) etc.
2. Lithium cells and batteries when installed in equipment.
   a.    Special Provision Chapter 3.3, 188 (e), etc.

Packaging instructions specific to the various transport modes can be found on the respective websites of the institutions and organizations listed in the glossary at the end of this post.  Depending on the product you are shipping, where you are shipping and how, the shipper will have to follow the applicable packing requirements of the current edition of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport Of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations and the requirements of other regulatory bodies (ICAO, IATA, IMDG, ADR, DOT, RID) depending on the intended mode of transport; a road, rail, air, sea or multi-modal.

Care must be taken to understand any additional requirements imposed by the different modes of transport.  Additional requirements and restrictions may be imposed by the various carriers, many of which address Lithium battery shipments.

Packaging may require official testing to prove it will protect its contents during transport when exposed to dropping, stacking, moisture, etc, before being allowed to transport Lithium cells and batteries.  Fortunately, this type of qualified packaging is readily available and pre-qualified from suppliers globally.

Nowadays, billions of batteries are shipped annually. Lithium battery accidents in transport are very rare, thanks to the regulations and high standards for air, road, sea, and rail shipping.  At first glance, it may appear a daunting task, but on the contrary, it is not difficult to ship your batteries or battery-powered devices, you just need to know what you are doing before you start! And you need to make sure that your chosen carrier is up to date with the regulations and follows the revisions that are being published on a regular basis.

If you need any advice on how to transport your GREPOW batteries for the Internet of Things, please get in touch with GREPOW at  info@grepow.com where your inquiry will be directed to a knowledgeable specialist, who can set you on the path to safely preparing your shipments in compliance with international transport regulations.

Glossary

• IATA   International Air Transport Association.
• ICAO   International Civil Aviation Organization.
• DOT    U.S. Department Of Transport.  
• UN       United Nations.   
• FAA     Federal Aviation Administration
• IMDG   International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• RID      Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• ADN    International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways
• ADR    European Agreement – International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road

Shenzhen Grepow Battery Co., Ltd. was founded in 1998. We are an advanced technology company specialized in the research and production of rechargeable button-cell battery, NIMH, Li-po batteries(made into any shaped battery), LiFePO4 batteries, and the development of power management systems. After decades of development, Grepow is now one of the largest manufacturers of high C-rate and high capacity batteries in China. Our self-owned brands “格氏ACE”, “GENS ACE” and “TATTU” are renowned home and abroad.

If you are interested in our battery products, please don’t hesitate to contact us at any time!
Email: info@grepow.com
Grepow Website: https://www.grepow.com/
IoT batteries: https://www.grepow.com/page/iot-battery.html

An Introduction to the TWS Bluetooth Headset and Charging Case

 

TWS (True Wireless Stereo) Bluetooth headsets have increasingly become popular in recent years after Apple released their TWS, the Airpods, in 2016.

With the aid of a Bluetooth chip, the headsets establish a wireless connection between the phone and the primary headset before establishing wireless communication between the primary and secondary headset, thereby completely abandoning the traditional cable connection usually seen in headsets. The main headset can also be used alone, fully capable of fulfilling the existing market demand for a single Bluetooth headset application.

TWS headset system

The TWS-headphone system can be divided into two main parts: the charging case and the headphones. The role of the charging case is similar to that of a power bank, which is to charge the two headphones. As there is limited space with the charging case and earphone, the battery capacity used in these two parts cannot be made large: they are generally within 1000mAh (among which 200-700mah range is the most common). The capacity of a Bluetooth headset battery is smaller, most of which are less than 100mAh. Ultimately, both the charging case and headset should focus on the design of the battery to ensure that the product has a longer use time.

Charging case system

The detailed charging case system block diagram is as follows:

Figure 1 TWS charging case system block diagram

The sensors mainly have Hall sensors in the signal chain to detect the opening and closing of the case. LED lights leave an interesting visual effect on the device. The Bluetooth chip can transmit the case information to the phone, making it easy for the phone to check the case’s power. Keystroke detection may require some devices, such as the SN74LVC1G74, a D-trigger that converts the pulse of a key into a level flip for the MCU to record key information.

Generally, the input port is made into a 5V micro USB port in the power rail (Apple’s Airpods’ lighting interface is also 5V). Considering that there are a number of current adapters that support high-powered quick charging, the charging case needs an overvoltage protection chip for misplacement protection plus a charger for the lithium battery. Many chargers nowadays have integrated overvoltage protection, but the overvoltage response time is not ideal. It is recommended to add an overvoltage protection chip for quick protection.

For the charger, it is recommended to use a charger with a power-path (i.e., path management) On one hand, when the battery of the charging case is low, plugging in the adapter will instantly give a higher system voltage to ensure that the case can immediately power low-battery headphones; on the other hand, when the fast charging stream is set too small and the load requires a constant load (such as an LED light), the load is likely to be near the charger’s cut-off current. Without the power-path function, the charger may not be able to tell if the battery is fully charged.

Batteries used in TWS charging cases are generally single-cell lithium batteries and usually supplied by the battery manufacturer.  The power meter and secondary protection IC package have been already included to ensure more reliable operation of the battery. The power supply of a single-cell lithium battery is mainly supplied in two parts: one part is boosted to 5V to power the headphones, the other part to 3V and below to power the MCU/Sensor, etc. in the case.

Headset system introduction

TWS generally has two headsets that have the same system. A detailed block diagram is below:

Figure 2 Block diagram of the headset system

The Bluetooth chip is responsible for receiving the data sent by phone in the signal chain, and it then pushes that information to the headphones through the earpiece. The sensors are mainly gravity sensors to detect signals, such as wobbling of the headphones.

Limited by its small available space, the headset can no longer be used as the power supply port for the micro USB interface in the power rail. The headphone input is usually changed into a specific metal contact patch. The headphone input power comes from the 5V charging case, so there is no risk of over-voltage on the headphone input, and it can be used without overvoltage protection (you can charge a single lithium battery directly with the charger). Similarly, the TWS headset battery is also supplied by the battery manufacturer, with an integrated power meter and secondary protection. The battery passes through LDO and supplies 2.5V or 1.8V power to the system.

The design of TWS headphones requires a comprehensive consideration of power consumption, packaging, and performance to provide better results for the product.

If you are interested in batteries for your TWS Bluetooth headset and charging case batteries, please contact us at info@grepow.com or visit our website at https://www.grepow.com/

Related Posts:

• Can You Overcharge a Bluetooth Headset?
• GREPOW’s Solution For Batteries of Bluetooth Headsets
• Can Bluetooth Headset Battery be Replaced?
• How to Check Bluetooth Battery on iPhone?
• How to Charge a Bluetooth Headset Correctly?
• How to Increase Bluetooth Headset Battery Life?

source:https://www.grepow.com/blog/an-introduction-to-the-tws-bluetooth-headset-and-charging-case/